Probiotic for inhibiting growth of proteus mirabilis, and fermentation broth and application thereof

ABSTRACT

A probiotic for inhibiting growth of Proteus mirabilis, including a microorganism selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium bifidum and a combination thereof. A fermentation broth and an application of the probiotic are further provided.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of International Patent Application No. PCT/CN2021/102388, filed on Jun. 25, 2021, which claims the benefit of priority from Chinese Patent Application No. 202110530026.7, filed on May 14, 2021. The content of the aforementioned applications, including any intervening amendments thereto, is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This application relates to microorganisms, and more particularly to a probiotic for inhibiting growth of Proteus mirabilis, and a fermentation broth and an application thereof.

BACKGROUND

Probiotics exist widely in nature, mainly from the human and animal intestines. The most common probiotics are Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Probiotics are live microorganisms that are beneficial to the host through colonization, and can change the bacterial composition in a certain part of the host. It has been currently recognized that the ingestion of a certain number of live probiotics can promote the intestinal absorption, enhance human immunity and relieve allergic reactions, and thus the probiotics have been widely used in food processing and production of health care products.

Recently, several probiotic strains have been gradually isolated from the human body, and identified at the strain level. In addition, some safe functional strains, such as Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium lactis BB 12, have played a significant role in treating diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, exhibiting great economic potential. However, few researches have been conducted on the function of combined strains.

Atherosclerosis (AS) refers to a variety of basic diseases, including cerebral apoplexy and coronary heart disease, and is difficult to be prevented and treated. It has been recently reported that the intestinal flora may participate in the development of atherosclerosis through metabolites including trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Specifically, the ingested phosphatidylcholine and L-carnitine may be metabolized into TMA under the action of the intestinal flora, and absorbed into the blood in the intestine. The absorbed TMA is then oxidized to TMAO under the catalysis of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FM03), which may further promote the development of atherosclerosis through promoting the transformation of macrophages into foam cells, leading to the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the elevated concentration of TMAO in plasma is associated with the poor long-term prognosis of heart failure and chronic kidney disease, and high levels of TMAO in plasma often indicate poor prognosis. Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that plays an important role in promoting the production of TMA from choline and carnitine. Nonetheless, there is still no report about the inhibitory effect of probiotics on the growth of Proteus mirabilis. Therefore, there are still some technical barriers in reducing the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases by reducing the production of TMA using microbial therapy.

SUMMARY

An objective of the present disclosure is to provide a probiotic for inhibiting growth of Proteus mirabilis, and a fermentation broth and an application thereof. The probiotic can effectively inhibit the growth of Proteus mirabilis, reducing the generation of trimethylamine and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. In addition, the probiotic has no adverse effect on human body.

In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a probiotic for inhibiting growth of Proteus mirabilis, wherein the probiotic comprises a microorganism selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium bifidum and a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the probiotic is a combination of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus and the Lactobacillus fermentum; a combination of the Lactobacillus casei and the Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis; or a combination of the Lactobacillus paracasei and the Bifidobacterium infantis.

In some embodiments, the combination of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus and the Lactobacillus fermentum is obtained through inoculating a Lactobacillus rhamnosus culture liquid and a Lactobacillus fermentum culture liquid in a volume ratio of 1:1 into an MRS broth followed by anaerobic culture at 36-38° C. to an equilibrium phase;

-   -   the combination of the Lactobacillus casei and the         Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis is obtained through         inoculating a Lactobacillus casei culture liquid and a         Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis culture liquid in a         volume ratio of 1:1 into an MRS broth followed by anaerobic         culture at 36-38° C. to an equilibrium phase; and     -   the combination of the Lactobacillus paracasei and the         Bifidobacterium infantis is obtained through inoculating a         Lactobacillus paracasei culture liquid and a Bifidobacterium         infantis culture liquid in a volume ratio of 1:1 into an MRS         broth followed by anaerobic culture at 36-38° C. to an         equilibrium phase.

In some embodiments, the Lactobacillus rhamnosus is Lactobacillus rhamnosus AI-11 assigned accession CGMCC No. 21745;

-   -   the Lactobacillus fermentum is Lactobacillus fermentum AI-25         assigned accession CGMCC No. 21746;     -   the Lactobacillus plantarum is Lactobacillus plantarum AI-66         assigned accession CGMCC No. 21741;     -   the Lactobacillus casei is Lactobacillus casei AI-12 assigned         accession CGMCC No. 21742;     -   the Lactobacillus acidophilus is Lactobacillus acidophilus AI-32         assigned accession CGMCC No. 21743;     -   the Lactobacillus paracasei is Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62         assigned accession CGMCC No. 21744;     -   the Lactobacillus reuteri is Lactobacillus reuteri AI-70         assigned accession CGMCC No. 21748;     -   the Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis is Bifidobacterium         animalis subsp. lactis AI-01 assigned accession CGMCC No. 21747;     -   the Bifidobacterium infantis is Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20         assigned accession CGMCC No. 21779; and     -   the Bifidobacterium bifidum is Bifidobacterium bifidum AI-91         assigned accession CGMCC No. 21780.

In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a fermentation broth, wherein the fermentation broth is prepared through inoculating the probiotic mentioned above into a fermentation medium followed by anaerobic culture.

In some embodiments, the fermentation medium is an MRS broth; and

-   -   the anaerobic culture is performed at 36-38° C. for 20-24 h.

In a third aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for inhibiting growth of Proteus mirabilis in a subject, comprising:

-   -   administering the probiotic or the fermentation broth to the         subject.

In a fourth aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for inhibiting generation of trimethylamine in a subject, comprising:

-   -   administering the probiotic or the fermentation broth to the         subject.

In a fifth aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for treating atherosclerosis in a subject in need thereof, comprising:

-   -   administering a therapeutically effective amount of the         probiotic or the fermentation broth to the subject.

The beneficial effects of the present disclosure are described as follows.

The present disclosure provides a probiotic for inhibiting growth of Proteus mirabilis, including a bacillus selected from the group consisted of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium bifidum and a combination thereof. The in vitro experiment results demonstrate that each of the above-mentioned 10 strains or a combination thereof can effectively inhibit the growth of Proteus mirabilis in vitro. Since trimethylamine is a metabolite of Proteus mirabilis, the probiotic provided herein can also effectively inhibit the generation of trimethylamine, and provides a new idea for preventing and/or treating atherosclerosis related to the metabolism of trimethylamine.

In addition, the probiotic provided herein is safe, and thus can be widely used in the preparation of medicines, foods or health products for inhibiting the growth of Proteus mirabilis or inhibiting the production or metabolism of trimethylamine.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1a-1b show a morphology of Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20 and Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62 after Gram staining; where FIG. 1 a: Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20; and FIG. 1 b: Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62;

FIG. 2 shows antibacterial activity of co-cultured strains and a single strain against Proteus mirabilis; in which A: an inhibition zone of the Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20; B: an inhibition zone of the Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62; C: an inhibition zone of Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20

Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62; and D: MRS blank control;

FIG. 3 shows a change in bacteriostatic activity of a probiotic combination of the Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20 and the Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62 during fermentation;

FIG. 4 shows an effect of heat treatment on the bacteriostatic activity of the probiotic;

FIGS. 5a-5b show an effect of pH on the bacteriostatic activity of the probiotic; where FIG. 5a : bacteriostatic effect of supernatants with different pH; and FIG. 5b : bacteriostatic effect of buffer controls with different pH; and

FIGS. 6a-6d show an effect of protease pretreatment on the bacteriostatic activity of the probiotic; where FIG. 6a : Pepsin treatment; FIG. 6b : Trypsin treatment; FIG. 6c : Papain treatment; FIG. 6d : Proteinase K treatment; A: MRS blank control; B: 100 U/mL protease treatment; and C: 200 U/mL protease treatment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Deposit of Microorganisms

The Lactobacillus rhamnosus AI-11 assigned CGMCC No.21745 was deposited on Jan. 26, 2021 with China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Building 3, NO. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China).

The Lactobacillus fermentum AI-25 assigned CGMCC No. 21746 was deposited on Jan. 26, 2021 with China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Building 3, NO. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China).

The Lactobacillus plantarum AI-66 assigned CGMCC No. 21741 was deposited on Jan. 26, 2021 with China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Building 3, NO. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China).

The Lactobacillus casei AI-12 assigned CGMCC No.21742 was deposited on Jan. 26, 2021 with China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Building 3, NO. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China).

The Lactobacillus acidophilus AI-32 assigned CGMCC No. 21743 was deposited on Jan. 26, 2021 with China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Building 3, NO. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China).

The Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62 assigned CGMCC No. 21744 was deposited on Jan. 26, 2021 with China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Building 3, NO. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China).

The Lactobacillus reuteri AI-70 assigned CGMCC No. 21748 was deposited on Jan. 26, 2021 with China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Building 3, NO. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China).

The Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis AI-01 assigned CGMCC No. 21747 was deposited on Jan. 26, 2021 with China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Building 3, NO. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China).

The Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20 assigned CGMCC No. 21779 was deposited on Feb. 1, 2021 with China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Building 3, NO. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China).

The Bifidobacterium bifidum AI-91 assigned CGMCC No. 21780 was deposited on Feb. 1, 2021 with China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Building 3, NO. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China).

A probiotic for inhibiting growth of Proteus mirabilis is provided herein, which includes a microorganism selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium bifidum and a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the probiotic includes a combination of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus and the Lactobacillus fermentum, a combination of the Lactobacillus casei and the Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, or a combination of the Lactobacillus paracasei and the Bifidobacterium infantis. The combination of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus and the Lactobacillus fermentum is obtained through inoculating a Lactobacillus rhamnosus culture liquid and a Lactobacillus fermentum culture liquid in a volume ratio of 1:1 into an MRS broth followed by anaerobic culture at 36-38° C. to an equilibrium phase. The combination of the Lactobacillus casei and the Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis is obtained through inoculating a Lactobacillus casei culture liquid and a Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis culture liquid in a volume ratio of 1:1 into an MRS broth followed by anaerobic culture at 36-38° C. to an equilibrium phase. The combination of the Lactobacillus paracasei and the Bifidobacterium infantis is obtained through inoculating a Lactobacillus paracasei culture liquid and a Bifidobacterium infantis culture liquid in a volume ratio of 1:1 into an MRS broth followed by anaerobic culture at 36-38° C. to an equilibrium phase, where a ratio of the number of colonies of the Lactobacillus paracasei to the number of colonies of the Bifidobacterium infantis is (1-5):(18-20), preferably 1:19. The Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium bifidum can be cultured using the method well known in the art, and the specific operation is not specifically limited herein.

Strains of the above 10 kinds of bacilli are not specifically limited. In this embodiment, the Lactobacillus rhamnosus is Lactobacillus rhamnosus AI-11 assigned accession CGMCC No. 21745; the Lactobacillus fermentum is Lactobacillus fermentum AI-25 assigned accession CGMCC No. 21746; the Lactobacillus plantarum is Lactobacillus plantarum AI-66 assigned accession CGMCC No. 21741; the Lactobacillus casei is Lactobacillus casei AI-12 assigned accession CGMCC No. 21742; the Lactobacillus acidophilus is Lactobacillus acidophilus AI-32 assigned accession CGMCC No. 21743; the Lactobacillus paracasei is Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62 assigned accession CGMCC No. 21744; the Lactobacillus reuteri is Lactobacillus reuteri AI-70 assigned accession CGMCC No. 21748; the Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis is Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis AI-01 assigned accession CGMCC No. 21747; the Bifidobacterium infantis is Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20 assigned accession CGMCC No. 21779; and the Bifidobacterium bifidum is Bifidobacterium bifidum AI-91 assigned accession CGMCC No. 21780.

The in-vitro bacteriostatic experiment shows that the above 10 kinds of bacilli all have the activity of inhibiting the growth of Proteus mirabilis. Therefore, a single probiotic strain can inhibit the growth of Proteus mirabilis. The experiment results also demonstrate that a combination of two or more bacilli has a higher activity of inhibiting the growth of Proteus mirabilis than a single bacillus.

A fermentation broth of the probiotic for inhibiting growth of Proteus mirabilis is prepared as follows.

The probiotic is inoculated into a fermentation medium and subjected to anaerobic culture to obtain the fermentation broth.

The culture of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium animalis sub sp. lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium bifidum can be performed using the method well known in the art, and is not specifically limited.

In some embodiments, the fermentation medium is an MRS broth. An inoculation amount is 0.5%-3%, preferably 1%. The anaerobic culture is performed at 36-38° C. for 20-24 h, preferably 37° C. for 21-23 hours. More preferably, the anaerobic culture is performed for 22 h. In this embodiment, a strain stored at −20° C. in a glycerol stock tube is inoculated into a normal MRS broth followed by 2 to 3 times of transfer and activation to obtain a culture liquid. The culture liquid is then inoculated into another MRS broth at an inoculation amount of 1%, and cultured anaerobically at 37° C. to an equilibrium phase (20-24 h). When the probiotic is composed of two kinds of strains, the culture liquids of the two strains are inoculated into an MRS broth in a volume ratio of 1:1, and a total inoculation amount is 1%.

In this embodiment, during the fermentation, a bacteriostatic active substance of the probiotic is secreted into the fermentation broth during the growth of the probiotic, and a bacteriostatic activity of the fermentation broth reaches the maximum after 12-16 h. The bacteriostatic active substance in the fermentation broth can withstand high temperature and even retain a high activity of inhibiting the growth of Proteus mirabilis at 100° C.

In view of the fact that the probiotic and the fermentation broth thereof both have the activity of inhibiting the growth of Proteus mirabilis, the probiotic and the fermentation broth are further used in the preparation of a reagent for inhibiting the growth of Proteus mirabilis.

In view of the fact that the probiotic and the fermentation broth thereof have the activity of inhibiting the growth of Proteus mirabilis, and the Proteus mirabilis has the ability to produce trimethylamine, the probiotic and the fermentation broth are further used in the preparation of a drug for inhibiting the generation of trimethylamine.

In view of the fact that the probiotic and the fermentation broth thereof have the activity of inhibiting the growth of Proteus mirabilis, and the Proteus mirabilis is capable of producing trimethylamine, whose metabolism may cause atherosclerosis, the probiotic and the fermentation broth are further used in the preparation of a drug for preventing and/or treating atherosclerosis.

In view of the fact that the probiotic and the fermentation broth thereof have the activity of inhibiting the growth of Proteus mirabilis, and the probiotic can tolerate pH 1.5-2.5 and a bile salt concentration of 0.3%, an oral product for inhibiting the growth of Proteus mirabilis is provided, which includes the probiotic or the fermentation broth thereof.

The probiotic for inhibiting the growth of Proteus mirabilis, and the fermentation broth and application thereof will be further described below in detail with reference to the embodiments, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

EXAMPLE 1

A method for screening and identifying Lactobacillus rhamnosus AI-11, Lactobacillus fermentum AI-25, Lactobacillus acidophilus AI-32, Lactobacillus casei AI-12, Lactobacillus plantarum AI-66, Bifidobacterium animalis sub sp. lactis AI-01, Lactobacillus reuteri AI-70, Bifidobacterium bifidum AI-91, Bifidobacterium infant AI-20 and Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62 was provided herein.

Single colony of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus AI-11: white to translucent; raised surface and regular round edge; and short straight rods with regular arrangement.

Single colony of the Lactobacillus fermentum AI-25: transparent; raised surface and regular round edge; and straight rods with different lengths and regular arrangement.

Single colony of the Lactobacillus acidophilus AI-32: transparent; flat surface and irregular star-shaped rough edge; and straight rods with different lengths and irregular arrangement.

Single colony of the Lactobacillus casei AI-12: white to translucent; flat surface and irregular star-shaped rough edge; and straight rods with different lengths and regular arrangement.

Single colony of the Lactobacillus plantarum AI-66: white; raised surface and regular round edge; and short straight rods with regular arrangement.

Single colony of the Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis AI-01: white to translucent; raised surface and regular round edge; short straight rods with one end bifurcated sometimes; and regular arrangement.

Single colony of the Lactobacillus reuteri AI-70: transparent; flat surface and irregular star-shaped rough edge; and straight rods with different lengths and regular arrangement.

Single colony of the Bifidobacterium bifidum AI-91: white to translucent; raised surface and regular round edge; short and thin straight rods with top end bifurcated sometimes; and irregular arrangement.

Single colony of the Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20: white to translucent; raised and moist surface and regular round edge; short rods with different lengths and regular arrangement.

Single colony of the Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62: white to translucent; raised and moist surface and regular round edge; and short straight rods with regular arrangement.

Through the 16S rDNA molecular identification, the 16S rDNA sequences of the strains AI-11, AI-25, AI-32, AI-12, AI-66, AI-01, AI-70, AI-91, AI-20 and AI-62 (respectively shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1-10) were respectively demonstrated to have the highest homology (up to 100%) with Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium infantis and Lactobacillus infantis paracasei. According to the morphology characteristics and the results of molecular identification, the strains AI-11, AI-25, AI-32, AI-12, AI-66, AI-01, AI-70, AI-91, AI-20 and AI-62 were determined to pertain to Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium infantis and Lactobacillus paracasei, respectively.

The above ten strains were deposited, where the Lactobacillus rhamnosus AI-11 was assigned accession CGMCC No. 21745; the Lactobacillus fermentum AI-25 was assigned accession CGMCC No. 21746; the Lactobacillus acidophilus AI-32 was assigned accession CGMCC No. 21743; the Lactobacillus casei AI-12 was assigned accession CGMCC No. 21742; the Lactobacillus plantarum AI-66 was assigned accession CGMCC No. 21741; the Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis AI-01 was assigned accession CGMCC No. 21747; the Lactobacillus reuteri AI-70 was assigned accession CGMCC No. 21748; the Bifidobacterium bifidum AI-91 was assigned accession CGMCC No. 21780; the Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20 was assigned accession CGMCC No. 21779; and the Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62 was assigned accession CGMCC No. 21744.

EXAMPLE 2 Safety Evaluation of Strains

The Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20 strain and the Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62 strain that were stored at −20° C. in a glycerol tube were respectively inoculated into a normal MRS broth followed by 2 to 3 times of transfer and activation. The activated Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20 culture liquid and the activated Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62 culture liquid were inoculated in a volume ratio of 1:1 into an MRS broth at a total inoculation amount of 1%, and then cultured anaerobically at 37° C. to an equilibrium phase to obtain a probiotic combination of the Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20 and the Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62. Similarly, a probiotic combination (Lactobacillus rhamnosus AI-11

Lactobacillus fermentum AI-25) of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus AI-11 and the Lactobacillus fermentum AI-25 and a probiotic combination (Lactobacillus casei AI-12

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis AI-01) of the Lactobacillus casei AI-12 and the Bifidobacterium animalis sub sp. lactis AI-01 were prepared.

The prepared three probiotic combinations (Lactobacillus rhamnosus AI-11

Lactobacillus fermentum AI-25, Lactobacillus casei AI-12

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis AI-01 and Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20

Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62), each for 0.5 mL, were spread evenly on a surface of an MRS agar plate, respectively, and dried. Then the gentamicin, vancomycin, kanamycin, clindamycin, streptomycin, ampicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin and chloromycetin susceptibility discs were attached to the surface of the MRS agar plate. Subsequently, the MRS agar plate was cultured in an incubator at 37° C. for 24-48 h to observe the growth of the strains. If there was an obvious transparent circle around the susceptibility disk, a diameter of the transparent circle was measured with a ruler to judge whether the tested strain had antibiotic susceptibility. Staphylococcus aureus was selected as a quality control strain for the antibiotic susceptibility test. Whether the tested strains have resistance to various antibiotics was determined according to the relevant standards (Table 1) formulated by the American Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).

TABLE 1 Content of antibiotics and judgment criteria of antibiotic resistance Diameter of inhibition zone (mm) Content Resistant Intermediate Susceptible Antibiotic (μg/disc) (R) (I) (S) Ampicillin 10 ≤12 13-17 ≥18 Vancomycin 30 ≤12 13-17 ≥18 Gentamicin 120 ≤12 13-17 ≥18 Kanamycin 30 ≤12 13-17 ≥18 Streptomycin 10 ≤12 13-17 ≥18 Erythromycin 15 ≤13 14-22 ≥23 Tetracycline 30 ≤14 15-18 ≥19 Chloromycetin 30 ≤12 13-17 ≥18 Clindamycin 2 ≤14 15-20 ≥21

TABLE 2 Results of Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium Strains for rhamnosus animalis subsp. Bifidobacterium antibiotic AI-11※ lactis AI-01※ infantis AI-20※ susceptibility Lactobacillus Lactobacillus Lactobacillus assessment fermentum AI-25 casei AI-12 paracasei AI-62 Ampicillin S S S Vancomycin / I S Gentamicin S S S Kanamycin S I S Streptomycin I I S Erythromycin S S I Tetracycline S S S Chloromycetin S S S Clindamycin S S S

Note: “S” indicated that the strain was susceptible to the antibiotic; “I” indicated that the strain exhibited intermediate susceptibility to the antibiotic; “R” indicated that the strain was resistant to the antibiotic; and “/” indicated that the strain did not require a safety assessment for the antibiotic.

According to the results of Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test shown in Table 2, the three probiotic combinations were highly sensitive to the above nine antibiotics, which indicated that the three probiotic combinations had high safety.

EXAMPLE 3 Proportion of Individual Strains After Co-Cultured to Equilibrium phase

The Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20 and the Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62 that were stored at −20° C. in a glycerol tube were respectively inoculated into a normal MRS broth and activated at 37° C. followed by 2 to 3 times of transfer and activation. The activated Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20 culture liquid and the activated Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62 culture liquid were inoculated in a volume ratio of 1:1 into a tube at a total inoculation amount of 1%, cultured at 37° C. for 24-48 h and counted for the viable cells. Half of the plates for viable count were anaerobically cultured at 37° C., and the other half was aerobically cultured at 37° C. After 48 h, the proportion of viable bacteria was observed.

The results showed that in the case of an inoculation volume ratio of 1:1, a final ratio of the number of the colonies of the Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20 to the number of the colonies of the Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62 was 1:19 after the co-culture.

EXAMPLE 4

The probiotic combination of the Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20 and the Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62 (Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20

Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62), the probiotic combination (Lactobacillus rhamnosus AI-11

Lactobacillus fermentum AI-25) of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus AI-11 and the Lactobacillus fermentum AI-25 and the probiotic combination (Lactobacillus casei AI-12

Bifidobacterium animalis sub sp. lactis AI-01) of the Lactobacillus casei AI-12 and the Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis AI-01 were prepared according to the method in Example 2 for the in vitro inhibition experiment of Proteus mirabilis. Moreover, the Lactobacillus rhamnosus AI-11, the Lactobacillus fermentum AI-25, the Lactobacillus plantarum AI-66, the Lactobacillus casei AI-12, the Lactobacillus acidophilus AI-32, the Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62, the Lactobacillus reuteri AI-70, the Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis AI-01, the Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20 and the Bifidobacterium bifidum AI-91 were respectively tested by the general Oxford cup assay to analyze the inhibitory activity against Proteus mirabi.

TABLE 3 Experimental results of inhibitory activity of single strain against Proteus mirabilis Diameter of inhibition zone (mm) Strain 1 2 3 4 Mean Lactobacillus rhamnosus 12 11 13 13 13 AI-11 Lactobacillus fermentum 13 14 13 13 13 AI-25 Lactobacillus acidophilus 18 19 19 18 19 AI-32 Lactobacillus paracasei 18 19 19 18 18 AI-62 Lactobacillus casei AI-12 16 17 18 17 17 Lactobacillus plantarum 20 19 19 20 20 AI-66 Lactobacillus reuteri AI-70 14 13 14 10 13 Bifidobacterium animalis 17 18 17 18 18 subsp. lactis AI-01 Bifidobacterium infantis 17 16 15 16 16 AI-20 Bifidobacterium bifidum 17 17 18 18 18 AI-91

TABLE 4 Comparison of single strain and co-cultured strains in the inhibitory activity against Proteus mirabilis Diameter of inhibition zone (mm) Strain 1 2 3 4 Mean Lactobacillus rhamnosus AI-11 12 11 13 13 13 Lactobacillus fermentum AI-25 13 14 13 13 13 Lactobacillus rhamnosus AI-11 17 17 18 19 18 ※Lactobacillus fermentum AI-25 Lactobacillus casei AI-12 16 17 18 17 17 Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. 17 18 17 18 18 lactis AI-01 Lactobacillus casei AI-12※ 21 21 22 22 22 Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis AI-01 Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62 18 19 19 18 18 Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20 17 16 15 16 16 Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20 24 21 22 22 22 ※Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62

The results showed that the above six strains all could inhibit Proteus mirabilis, and the co-cultured strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus AI-11

Lactobacillus fermentum AI-25, Lactobacillus casei AI-12

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis AI-01 and Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20

Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62 were superior to the single strain in the inhibitory activity against Proteus mirabilis.

EXAMPLE 5 Changes of Bacteriostatic Activity of Co-Cultured Strains During Fermentation

The Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20 and the Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62 that were stored at −20° C. in a glycerol tube were respectively inoculated into a normal MRS broth followed by 2 to 3 times of transfer and activation. The activated Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20 culture liquid and the activated Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62 culture liquid were inoculated into six tubes containing MRS broth in a volume ratio of 1:1 and a total inoculation amount of 1%, and anaerobically cultured at 37° C. One tube of the co-cultured strains was taken out every 4 h to measure the pH value, and then centrifuged to obtain a supernatant for measuring the bacteriostatic activity against Proteus mirabilis.

It can be observed from FIG. 3 that the secretion of the bacteriostatic substance reached the maximum at the 12^(th)-16^(th) h during the fermentation process, and the bacteriostatic effect tended to be stable with the extension of the fermentation time. At the same time, the pH of the supernatant changed greatly in the first 16 h of the fermentation process, and then with the extension of fermentation time, the change was weakened and the pH tended to be stable.

EXAMPLE 6 Effect of Heat Treatment on the Bacteriostatic Activity of the Probiotic

A probiotic combination of the Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20 and the Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62 (a volume ratio of the Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20 culture liquid strain to the Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62 culture liquid was 1:1, and a bacterial count ratio was 1:19), a probiotic combination of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus AI-11 and the Lactobacillus fermentum AI-25 (a volume ratio was 1:1) and a probiotic combination of the Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis AI-01 and the Lactobacillus casei AI-12 (a volume ratio was 1:1) were prepared according to the method used in Example 2.

The three probiotic combinations prepared above were inoculated into six tubes containing MRS broth with an inoculum amount of 1%, respectively, and anaerobically cultured at 37° C. for about 24 h to an equilibrium phase to collect a fermentation broth. The fermentation broth was centrifuged to obtain a supernatant. The obtained six supernatant samples were subjected to water bath treatment at 50° C., 60° C., 70° C., 80° C., 90° C. and 100° C. for 20 min, respectively, and then tested for the inhibitory activity against the Proteus mirabilis according to the general Oxford cup assay.

TABLE 5 Effect of heat treatment on the bacteriostatic activity of the samples (Diameter of inhibition zone, mm) Temperature 37° C. 50° C. 60° C. 80° C. 100° C. Bifidobacterium infantis 21.8 20.5 20.7 21.9 21.6 AI-20※Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62 Lactobacillus rhamnosus 17.8 17.3 17.5 17.9 17.8 AI-11※Lactobacillus fermentum AI-25 Bifidobacterium animalis 21.6 21.5 21.6 21.4 21.8 subsp. lactis AI-01※ Lactobacillus casei AI-12

It can be observed from Table 5 and FIG. 4 that there was no significant difference in the bacteriostatic activity of the fermentation broth against Proteus mirabilis before and after treatment at 50-100° C. Therefore, the bacteriostatic substance was not sensitive to heat, and would not be a macromolecular protein.

EXAMPLE 7 Effect of pH on the Bacteriostatic Activity of the Probiotic

The three probiotic combinations as shown Table 6 were prepared according to the method used in Example 2, the obtained three supernatant samples was obtained after centrifugation, and the pH of each supernatant sample was respectively adjusted to 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0 using a concentrated hydrochloric acid and a concentrated sodium hydroxide. At the same time, a phosphate buffer was set as a control. The treated supernatant samples were tested for the inhibitory activity against the Proteus mirabilis according to the general Oxford cup assay.

TABLE 6 Effect of pH on the bacteriostatic activity of the samples (Diameter of inhibition zone, mm) pH 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 Phosphate buffer 13.8 — — — — Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20※ 27.1 25.1 21.2 19.8 — Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62 Lactobacillus rhamnosus AI-11※ 24.8 22.0 17.9 16.4 — Lactobacillus fermentum AI-25 Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. 26.7 24.8 21.1 19.5 — lactis AI-01※Lactobacillus casei AI-12

It can be observed from Table 6 and FIG. 5 that when the pH of the supernatant samples was lower than 5.0, the supernatant samples had bacteriostatic activity and the diameter of the inhibition zone gradually increased with the decrease of pH; when the pH of the supernatant was higher than 5.0, the supernatant samples had no bacteriostatic activity; and the phosphate-hydrochloric acid buffer in the control group showed weak bacteriostatic effect only when the pH reached 2.0. Therefore, low pH was a necessary condition to produce bacteriostatic effect, and the effect of some bacteriostatic substances was enhanced at low pH.

EXAMPLE 8 Effect of Protease Pretreatment on the Bacteriostatic Activity of the Probiotic

The probiotic combination of the Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20 and the Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62 was prepared according to the method used in Example 2, and was then centrifuged to obtain a supernatant sample. The supernatant sample was respectively adjusted to the optimum pH for pepsin (2.0), trypsin (8.0), proteinase K (8.0) and papain (7.0), added with the corresponding enzymes to adjust the enzyme concentration to 0 U/mL, 100 U/ mL and 200 U/mL, placed at an optimal treatment temperature for the pepsin (37° C.), the trypsin (37° C.), the proteinase K (37° C.) and the papain (50° C.) overnight, subjected to a boiling water bath at 100° C. for 5-10 min, and then tested for the inhibitory activity against the Proteus mirabilis according to the general Oxford cup assay.

TABLE 7 Effect of protease pretreatment on the bacteriostatic activity of the samples (Diameter of inhibition zone, mm) Protease Pepsin Trypsin Papain Proteinase K Enzyme concentration (U/mL) 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 Bifidobacterium 22.6 20.7 18.4 22.4 22.0 22.0 21.2 21.0 20.8 23.8 20.5 18.4 infantis AI-20※ Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62

It can be observed from Table 7 and FIG. 6 that after being treated with the trypsin and the papain, the fermentation broth prepared from the probiotic combination of the Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20 and the Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62 had no significant change in the bacteriostatic activity; and after the treatment with the pepsin and the proteinase K, the bacteriostatic activity of the fermentation broth decreased with the increase of the amount of the protease. Therefore, the bacteriostatic substance included some substances sensitive to protease, which may be small molecular polypeptides or bacteriocins.

The embodiments mentioned above are merely illustrative of the present disclosure, and not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. It should be noted that improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure should fall within the scope of the present disclosure defined by the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A probiotic for inhibiting growth of Proteus mirabilis, wherein the probiotic comprises a microorganism selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium bifidum and a combination thereof.
 2. The probiotic of claim 1, wherein the probiotic is a combination of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus and the Lactobacillus fermentum; a combination of the Lactobacillus casei and the Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis; or a combination of the Lactobacillus paracasei and the Bifidobacterium infantis.
 3. The probiotic of claim 2, wherein the combination of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus and the Lactobacillus fermentum is obtained through inoculating a Lactobacillus rhamnosus culture liquid and a Lactobacillus fermentum culture liquid in a volume ratio of 1:1 into an MRS broth followed by anaerobic culture at 36-38° C. to an equilibrium phase; the combination of the Lactobacillus casei and the Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis is obtained through inoculating a Lactobacillus casei culture liquid and a Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis culture liquid in a volume ratio of 1:1 into an MRS broth followed by anaerobic culture at 36-38° C. to an equilibrium phase; and the combination of the Lactobacillus paracasei and the Bifidobacterium infantis is obtained through inoculating a Lactobacillus paracasei culture liquid and a Bifidobacterium infantis culture liquid in a volume ratio of 1:1 into an MRS broth followed by anaerobic culture at 36-38° C. to an equilibrium phase.
 4. The probiotic of claim 1, wherein the Lactobacillus rhamnosus is Lactobacillus rhamnosus AI-11 assigned accession CGMCC No. 21745; the Lactobacillus fermentum is Lactobacillus fermentum AI-25 assigned accession CGMCC No. 21746; the Lactobacillus plantarum is Lactobacillus plantarum AI-66 assigned accession CGMCC No. 21741; the Lactobacillus casei is Lactobacillus casei AI-12 assigned accession CGMCC No. 21742; the Lactobacillus acidophilus is Lactobacillus acidophilus AI-32 assigned accession CGMCC No. 21743; the Lactobacillus paracasei is Lactobacillus paracasei AI-62 assigned accession CGMCC No. 21744; the Lactobacillus reuteri is Lactobacillus reuteri AI-70 assigned accession CGMCC No. 21748; the Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis is Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis AI-01 assigned accession CGMCC No. 21747; the Bifidobacterium infantis is Bifidobacterium infantis AI-20 assigned accession CGMCC No. 21779; and the Bifidobacterium bifidum is Bifidobacterium bifidum AI-91 assigned accession CGMCC No.
 21780. 5. A fermentation broth, wherein the fermentation broth is prepared through inoculating the probiotic of claim 1 into a fermentation medium followed by anaerobic culture.
 6. The fermentation broth of claim 5, wherein the fermentation medium is an MRS broth; and the anaerobic culture is performed at 36-38° C. for 20-24 h.
 7. A method for inhibiting growth of Proteus mirabilis in a subject, comprising: administering the probiotic of claim 1 to the subject.
 8. A method for inhibiting growth of Proteus mirabilis in a subject, comprising: administering the fermentation broth of claim 5 to the subject.
 9. A product for inhibiting generation of trimethylamine, comprising: the probiotic of claim
 1. 10. A product for inhibiting generation of trimethylamine, comprising: the fermentation broth of claim
 5. 11. A method for treating atherosclerosis in a subject in need thereof, comprising: administering a therapeutically effective amount of the probiotic of claim 1 to the subject.
 12. A method for treating atherosclerosis in a subject in need thereof, comprising: administering a therapeutically effective amount of the fermentation broth of claim 5 to the subject.
 13. A product for inhibiting growth of Proteus mirabilis, comprising: the probiotic of claim
 1. 14. A product for inhibiting growth of Proteus mirabilis, comprising: the fermentation broth of claim
 5. 